In the synthesis of azo dyes, why do we use glacial acetic acid with n,n-dimethylaniline? Why do we use sodium carbonate solution with 1-naphthol?

Glacial acetic acid is added with N, N-dimethylaniline because glacial acetic acid primarily functions as a ‘catalyst’ in the reaction.

Azo Dyes

The category of dyes in which an R-N=N-R’ group is present as the functional group are azo dyes. It has broad applications in the production of paper, textile and leather, etc. methyl orange, acid red, and aniline yellow are examples of azo dyes.